June 19, 2013Previous pages
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Científicos del Balseiro trabajan con esta tecnología para extenderla al tratamiento del cáncer, a técnicas odontológicas y a mejorar la eficiencia energética. Entre los nuevos materiales desarrollados por los investigadores ya se cuentan microesferas vítreas para el tratamiento de tumores, superficies cerámicas con mejor adherencia a cementos dentales, microesferas para el transporte de medicamentos y cerámicos para la construcción de celdas de combustible.
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Researchers analyze the relation of teachers and media workers with their work subjects and define a new category called “immaterial work”. The research is new in the topic, as it not only analyzes immaterial subjects, but also the work conditions.
The ideal or “desirable”, long-lasting and hemocompatible cardiac valve has been developed by a team of researchers and scientists from diverse disciplines. The valves currently used present problems which go from the need to replace them in a certain time, up to the generation of blood clots. The development is overcoming, as it decreases the possibility of clots formation and it is made of a new hemocompatible material.
Dr. Rosanna Costaguta is specialized in the customization of systems through intelligent agents. She is convinced that creativeness doesn’t have a limit; consequently, she investigates the way for university students to get higher academic performance, but in virtual platforms. In this interview to Argentina Investiga she explains what is Artificial Intelligence, analyzes the increase of e-learning and describes the progress of Robotics.
In the Germplasm Bank for Argentina’s Litoral, oregano with antimicrobial properties was selected to be cultivated. It could replace some antibiotics in the diet of farm animals. The specie selected for its preservation has a high content of essential oil which has anti fungi and antiseptic properties and can be replaced as insecticide and herbicide.
The development of models to understand the deformation and breaking mechanisms of materials, design new materials with specific properties, optimize production processes and even describe natural phenomena is carried out by Dr. Martín Ignacio Idiart, from the School of Engineering. The development has multiple applications, given that it can be used to make metallic sheets for planes and even to analyze the glaciers’ movement.
“Valentín and the Little Invaders” is the result of an interdisciplinary work carried out by a research team which developed a video and a story aimed at preventing infantile parasitic diseases. The materials are aimed at primary school children. In order to design them, they carried out a knowledge recovery work, previous ideas, practices and attitudes about parasitic diseases in families which live in Salsipuedes.
Specialists hold that this technique is relegated to maternal kindergartens, but that it is the key to stimulate the children’s senses up to three years old. The psychopedagogical theories have shown that musical education has to start towards the sixth gestation month, whereas the beneficial effect of music in a child’s life since birth is proved.
The device designed by researchers of the UNL and the Conicet permits to control and synchronize the cows’ hormonal cycles. It is a more efficient way of cattle production, as it might achieve genetic improvement and minimize the cost, apart from increasing the production of meat. The project was awarded by the Bolsa de Comercio of Santa Fe in the contest “A bet to the Tricentenary”.
A new ordering for ferroelectrical materials in the nanoscale was discovered by researchers from the Institute of Physics of Rosario. The finding results important in the field of nanoelectronics, as the difficulty of these materials to be used in the development of devices with nanometric components was overcame. The possibility that they generate electric energy is analyzed, which will permit for example to charge the cell phone battery while we run or dance.
Researchers calculated the electric answer of graphene, the thinnest material in the world, faced with the incidence of an infra-red laser light. They concluded that the light beam interrupts the electric conductivity of the material, an effect which the scientific community has searched for for a long time. If this is proved, the discovery would have a great technological impact, as it would open new perspectives for optoelectronic devices, such as plasma screens.
Differently from cement and common asphalt, draining pavement contributes with more safety to the circulation of vehicles because it permits to drain water. Besides, it decreases sound contamination and permits to increase visibility, among other benefits. Researchers from the school of Engineering study the viability of using stone from quarries in Corrientes, Chaco and Misiones to elaborate this kind of pavement.
Proterochampsa were reptiles which lived in Argentina and Brazil more than 220 million years ago, during the Triassic period. They are the remotest ancestors of crocodiles and modern birds whose relationships were unknown. A research carried out in San Luis permitted to establish that the endemic specie lived in the area and their ancestors came from South Africa and their descendents were North American.
Researchers work in the design of “meta-materials”, that is, natural materials whose structure is modified at minute, imperceptible scales with the aim of permitting them to interact with light in a different way than conventional objects. The control of that interaction with light permits advanced technological applications.
The website www.glaciares.org.ar functions since the end of 2009 to spread projects, news and investigations about the Argentinean glaciers along the Andes. Thought to be a dynamic space to Access to a great variety of information, the website offers data about the role of the environmental indicators of Argentinean glaciers, historic and inventory materials and related topics.
The UNLP manufactured three purifiers of water contaminated with arsenic to install them in rural schools of General Viamonte, Carlos Casares and Villarino. The purifier designed, developed and elaborated by a team of researchers of the University, is already functioning in an educative institution of Punta Indio and according to school authorities there were obtained “excellent practical and useful results, even to the teaching of our students”.
Según la ley 13.868, en la provincia de Buenos Aires las bolsas de polietileno tienen fecha de vencimiento, aunque los especialistas sostienen que mientras éstas sólo contaminan en forma visual, las que se usarán en su reemplazo contienen metales pesados que quedan en la tierra y el agua. El problema real que trae aparejado el uso indiscriminado de las bolsas de polietileno se vincula con la ausencia de costumbres que organicen su disposición final. Es por esto que consideran que el factor verdaderamente clave es el cambio de hábito humano.
La Escuela de Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba habilitó un servicio de digitalización de textos para personas ciegas o con baja visión. Los apuntes y libros son escaneados, corregidos por voluntarios y luego pueden ser consultados en una computadora a través de un software lector de pantalla. También son grabados como archivos de audio y publicados en una biblioteca virtual. La iniciativa apunta a reducir los elevados índices de deserción del sistema educativo de los jóvenes con discapacidad visual.
Científicos de la UNL y el Conicet trabajan para sustituir productos derivados del petróleo por otros biodegradables y provenientes de fuentes renovables, mientras que los expertos del INTEC investigan cómo sortear los desafíos técnicos que implican estas nuevas alternativas. En conjunto, apuntan a la producción de estos lubricantes a partir de glicerol, un alcohol que se utiliza en distintas industrias como la química y la farmacéutica, y de esta manera lograr un material multipropósito que responda con éxito a las necesidades de los diversos climas.
A partir de la aplicación de bioprocesos, investigadores de la UNQ trabajan en el diseño de un mini reactor que ayudaría al hígado en casos de trasplantes y serviría como un órgano artificial extracorpóreo. El módulo permite entrar y salir sangre, y habilita el ingreso y egreso de aire por determinadas fibras a través de dos circuitos independientes, diseñados para evitar la muerte celular por falta de oxígeno. El cartucho no sustituye al órgano, sino que haría el trabajo del hígado en pacientes que están a la espera de un trasplante.
Será el primero de su tipo en Argentina y el cuarto en América Latina. La Criobiología es la disciplina que estudia los efectos de las bajas temperaturas y del congelamiento sobre los organismos vivos. Una de las actividades será la resolución de problemas en áreas como veterinaria, agricultura y biomedicina. El Centro Binacional Argentina-Italia de Investigaciones en Criobiología clínica y aplicada (CAIC) también ofrecerá un ámbito de discusión e intercambio de información, para debatir problemas diarios de la criopreservación de material biológico natural y alimentos de distintos orígenes.
La UNR cuenta con dos proyectos de voluntariado, que brindan ayuda a personas con discapacidad visual. El primero se encarga de convertir el material de estudio a formatos en Braille, audio o textos; el otro realiza grabaciones de cuentos para niños y adultos. Ya se produjo bibliografía perteneciente a las carreras de Comunicación Social, Ciencia Política, Psicología, Derecho y Música.
Mediante herramientas informáticas, investigadores lograron experimentar con las propiedades de materiales a escala “nano” de forma más sencilla. Así se podrían construir y transformar apuntando a la dureza. Actualmente se intenta dar soluciones a problemáticas en campos como el energético, el del traslado de electrónica, y abarca desde la Medicina hasta la Astrofísica. Una de las industrias que se podría ver más favorecida es la Aeroespacial.
Frente a la problemática del río contaminado, un equipo científico busca ofrecer una herramienta de gestión: un índice de calidad de agua que incluya una evaluación de los datos, para tomar decisiones a partir de un sustento manejable y comparable.
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