June 20, 2013Previous pages
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A partir de viejas imágenes, investigadores aplicaron un procedimiento que permitió conocer cómo fue la creciente del río Salado en 1914. Los especialistas perfeccionaron un método de fotogrametría que permite obtener información métrica de los objetos registrados en las fotos, a partir de un software que genera modelos en 3D. El procedimiento servirá para analizar otros casos.
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The GEM (Global Earthquake Model) started in 2009 with the objective of gathering world information about active faults and seismic sources. After years of work, its objectives were redefined privileging the study of the vulnerability of the most densely populated zones. “Great losses will occur, because these cities have grown without planning and because they have done it without seismic resistant buildings”, explained Carlos Costa, one of the researchers of the project.
Little times a scientific project was so important worldwide as it happened with the finding of “God’s particle” or “Higgs boson”. We were faced with the key which would permit to know the origin of nature and all it meant. In an interview with Argentina Investiga, one of the Argentinean Scientists who participated in the project “God’s Machine” he explains how the researches continue.
The Mexican Sociologist and specialist in Didactics, Ángel Díaz Barriga, headed a conference in the School of Social Sciences. There, he criticized the advance of Saxon authors in Latin America: “The United States have taken a hegemonic role and more active in the region” he said and remarked that the adoption of an educational system with foreign scientific characteristics permitted pedagogic models to adapt to the industrial logics.
A teacher developed a new multidisciplinary application through the use of a System of Geographical Information, remote sensors and high precision GPS to know the causes and possible solutions for floods. The data gathered can constitute the basis for future hydraulic projects, as management strategies were elaborated to solve in integral way the basin’s problems.
Researchers developed original mathematical models for epidemics propagation. These models consider spatial aspects of disease propagation dynamics, given that they evaluate the individuals’ movement. The importance of the population’s displacement, the incidence of their distribution and the results produced by control measures constitute some of the contributions of the models developed.
An international research project, which focuses in local genus and species, determined that in less than 70 years, the 20 percent of the wall lizard species of the planets will become extinct. In order to carry out the study, an artificial lizard model with microchips was used, as well as a mathematical extinction risk model. The loss of diversity of wall lizards will have consequences for all the food chain.
This was said by the specialist in youth movements Mario Sandoval, who was in the UNC and talked about the situation of young students in his country, the history of the dictatorship and the neoliberal economic model applied to the privatization of social development areas. In this interview with Argentina Investiga he recovers some keys to understand the on going process in Chile.
The physicist Andrés Aceña explains the importance of the discovery announced by the scientists who work in the Large Hadron Collider, known as "God machine". Although it has to be confirmed, the finding might be Higgs boson, which corroborates the theory of the Standard Model of Particles and might revolutionize modern physics. "What has been found is within the searched range of energies, it is likely to be Higgs boson", states the scientist.
The development of models to understand the deformation and breaking mechanisms of materials, design new materials with specific properties, optimize production processes and even describe natural phenomena is carried out by Dr. Martín Ignacio Idiart, from the School of Engineering. The development has multiple applications, given that it can be used to make metallic sheets for planes and even to analyze the glaciers’ movement.
Through a mathematical model, a researcher works in the solution of the schedules’ efficiency, so that the teachers don’t have free time during their class hours. To make schedules is a very low and tiring task and when it is done, only a group of probabilities is analyzed. The mathematical model takes into account all the criteria considered in the assignment of timetables to achieve the most convenient solution.
Specialists in Chemical Engineering develop a mathematic model which analyzes the cardio respiratory system in a virtual way which might permit to make remote diagnosis contemplating great amounts of information. In the development there are included, apart from a systemic and pulmonary cardiovascular circuit, representations of the human organism variables, such as arterial pressure, among others.
A project studies the viability of the exploitation of agro-forest waste to generate electric energy by means of small stations distributed in productive zones. The intention is to supply productive poles and besides to contribute to the State’s electric system. Among other benefits, the use of this waste to generate energy contributes to decrease contaminating gases in the atmosphere and the risk of forest fires and the presence of plagues.
Diversity, inclusive conception and visibility are the keys to universal access. That is why it is being carried out a research project which understands disability from the social point of view. By means of the Project, a team of researchers pledge their commitment to the inclusion of people with different capacities through the spread of the concept of diversity. The professionals understand that the disability falls mainly on the barriers generated by the environment.
It permits to simulate strategies and represent the algae dynamics, of the nutrients and other components to preserve the water quality. The algae proliferation can cause harmful effects in humans, as well as in animals. That is why in the studied case -a reservoir which provides water to various cities in Buenos Aires- they propose, among other strategies, to take out fishes to keep the balance. The model is a system applicable to any source of water.
Due to the uncontrolled re-entries and “space collisions” of objects launched by men, the study of space debris covers relevance at world level. A researcher from the UNC monitors the satellites which re-enter the Earth’s surface, which is called “space junk” and developed a mathematical model to carry out diagnostics of the objects which can come back to the Earth. Argentina has the “record” of being one of the countries where it has been registered the greatest number of re-entries.
In Argentina the agro-exports productive model has been for a long time the great favored by the State’s policies. Family agriculture, which is in the condition of guaranteeing the nutritional sovereignty of the country have always suffered economic difficulties. Since 2004 onwards, there have been changes registered in the system which point to the rural development departing from a territorial approach which outs the emphasis in the promotion of family agriculture.
Researchers created a computing model capable of establishing precise equivalences between the measurements of height given by GPS and the traditional National Altimeter System. Through the combination of both techniques the development permits a new exactness in the measurement, as the GPS has an error margin of up to 40 m. and the altimeter system, elaborated decades ago with manual measurement instruments takes too much time. It will be vital for the development of hydric and road works.
A control mechanism to achieve the inactivation of microorganisms which are damaging for the health such as the bacterium Escherichia coli, present in semi-elaborated meat products was developed by researchers of the School of Exact Sciences. The work, which was carried out through the analysis of blood sausages is applicable to any kind of precooked meat. The coliform bacterium present in food can cause the development of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome, a lethal disease.
The deforestation of native woods due to the advance of soy cultivations will have a progressive impact in different weather variables of the region of Gran Chaco. This was the conclusion drawn by a study which used climate models to analyze the relation soil-atmosphere and which simulated the ideal status of the regional soils without deforestation and the state submitted to the advance of agriculture.
Researchers developed productive models of eatable lignocellulosic fungi aimed at family consumption and commercialization. The inclusion of these fungi to the diet of the populations where the project is implemented is a reality already and their commercialization means a contribution to family income. The creation of a market where there are products free of agrochemicals and produced from a supportive economy was one of the boosters of the project.
The experience of going to university, participating in class and make contact with classmates affects in a positive way the psycho-physical health of people older than 60 years old. This is showed by a research carried out in the School of Social Sciences according to which, to focus their energy (which is not present any more in forming a family or getting a job) in studying influences the psychical and physical state.
Scientists from the National University of Córdoba developed a mathematical method which permits to describe precisely and unprecedentedly the optical properties of the irregular gold particles whose size is barely of a millionth millimeters. The work opens new perspectives in the design of applications for medicine and biology and it was published in “Nanoletters”, the Nanotechnology journal with the major impact worldwide.
A research group of the School of Engineering analyzes how to treat Volatile Organic Compounds, which contaminate the air and are emitted to the atmosphere and have an own damaging chemical action, so they generate diseases such as cancer and respiratory and neuronal affections. To do that, the scientists work with a catalyst of national origin with which they treat the VOCs by means of catalytic oxidation, which represent an effective and low cost process.
An interdisciplinary approach of the UNNOBA is working on computing methods and mathematical applications to simulate the effects of pesticides and resistance mechanisms. By means of representational models we point to facilitate the learning of students from Agrarian and Genetic careers. The phenomena described from these models are very complex and can give rise to serious consequences for the environment.
Researchers from the Laboratory of Biomechanics and the Institute of Rehabilitation and Therapeutic Education FLENI developed software which permits a correct classification of the patients who crouch down as a consequence of brain paralysis. The new biomedical model permits to determine precisely if these patients require an operation to lengthen ischiosural muscles and to avoid damaging and unnecessary surgeries.
The project, carried out by researchers of the Department of Physics of the School of Exact Sciences for the Conicet was implemented through a computational code to stimulate dengue’s propagation speed in a city and it can be adapted to the study of diverse infectious diseases. Among other values it was determined that with one case of dengue the maximum infectious peak is given between one and two months and in cases of low population density the typical speed is of two kilometers per month.
Researchers from Argentina and the United States will put into orbit a satellite to obtain data from basins and oceans. It will be constructed between the Argentine National Commission on Space Activities (CONAE) and the NASA. This equipment is an observatory integrated by high complexity instruments and it will be put into orbit in May 2010. The data provided by the satellite set up an unprecedented possibility in the field of oceanography to elaborate long term climate models. It is considered that it will orbit 14 times a day around the Earth at 647 km of height. The data gathering, as well as the command, monitoring and control of the instrument will be carried out by the Space Center Teófilo Tabanera of Córdoba.
The wind tunnel produces at small scale the conditions of vertical descending storms and analyzes their effects on different buildings, such as high tension electric grids. Up to now the researcher simulated the conditions of horizontal storms in the region. The project is new in the international field when there emerges the idea of designing engineering models in which the effects of these storms’ winds, which are tropical and which occur more frequently, are reproduced.
La iniciativa es de un equipo de estudiantes avanzados y profesionales de la Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Apuntan a cambiar el modelo actual de reposición por el del donante voluntario y habitual. Vinculadas a la donación, circulan diversas creencias falsas como que debilita, provoca enfermedades cardíacas, etc. Las charlas informativas que el grupo de voluntariado brinda en diversas facultades enfatizan en desterrar estos mitos y en cuáles son las cuestiones a tener en cuenta en el momento de donar.
El investigador de la UNNE Manuel Pulido es el único hispano que integra el Programa Mundial de Investigación en Clima. Se encuentra en la Universidad de Toronto, desarrollando una técnica para disminuir las incertezas de los modelos climáticos. Pulido fue pionero en el desarrollo del método “asimilación de datos”, para calcular efectos de pequeña escala y así, obtener mayor precisión en los modelos climáticos. Estos últimos simulan la dinámica y los procesos atmosféricos, y predicen cómo será la temperatura y el clima en el futuro. Argentina es un ejemplo de las consecuencias del clima en la sociedad: la sequía impactó en la economía y el brote de dengue -vinculado en forma directa al clima- afectó a la salud de la población.
El Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Atmosféricas (GICA) de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura participará de un proyecto de la Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA), en el que se estudiará el impacto de un instrumento espacial denominado PREMIER, que será lanzado al espacio en un satélite de la 7th. Earth Explorer Misión de la ESA. El GICA fue seleccionado para participar de este trabajo porque es pionero en el desarrollo de una técnica de asimilación de datos aplicada al tratamiento de movimientos atmosféricos a pequeña escala. Además de la UNNE, entre otros, participan las Universidades de Oxford y Leicester (Inglaterra); el Laboratorio de Meteorología Dinámica (Francia); los Institutos de Meteorología Finlandés y Noruego; la Universidad de Yonsei (Korea) y la Universidad de York (Canadá).
Esta nueva técnica didáctica y pedagógica se caracteriza por ser un proceso continuo de resolución de problemas. Para los investigadores de la UNL también se trata de una poderosa estrategia didáctica en la construcción del sentido de los conceptos matemáticos. El gran desafío es que los estudiantes aprendan a pensar y desarrollar conceptos según la resolución de problemas encuadrados en contextos reales, partiendo de la combinación de diferentes tareas. El principio fundamental reside en que los modelos son tratados como instrumentos para enseñar conceptos matemáticos.
Investigadores de la UNCuyo desarrollaron un sistema analítico de venta y demanda sin antecedentes en la ciencia estadística de nuestro país. Se trabaja sobre el mercado de la construcción y el modelo desarrollado ya fue aplicado exitosamente en un Home Center de la Patagonia. El modelo estadístico calcula las ganancias de un momento en el tiempo, en función de los precios y cantidades vendidas de cada artículo y, como resultado final, se obtiene una serie de ecuaciones que indican qué es lo que debería ajustarse para optimizar las ganancias. El grupo de investigación prevé ampliarlo para incluir el factor espacial a las relaciones entre cantidades y precios.
Los ingenieros Ricardo Das Neves Guerreiro y Oscar Miura son los primeros en estudiar las propiedades térmicas de los materiales característicos de la región de Comodoro Rivadavia empleados en la ejecución de obras civiles. El trabajo constó de tres etapas: se instrumentó una obra de hormigón macizo para medir los cambios en la temperatura, luego se determinaron experimentalmente las propiedades térmicas de los agregados y del cemento, y por último se construyó un modelo matemático basado en elementos finitos, y de sus resultados se determinaron la bondad de las predicciones y la importancia relativa de los factores que participaron. El proyecto deja abierta la posibilidad de efectuar una futura investigación acerca del estudio de la distribución de tensiones térmicas y el análisis de los riesgos de fisuración.
Según un estudio de la UNCuyo, el paradigma de la educación que diferencia al “docente” del “alumno” ya no funciona y sólo contribuye a generar más rechazo hacia el sistema educativo. Proponen una formación más política de los docentes para que puedan leer la realidad de sus alumnos. Según la investigación, las normativas escolares son experimentadas por los alumnos como un modo de violencia o amenaza, en tanto que naturalizan formas de relación violenta con sus pares porque lo consideran como un modo de “comunicarse”. El equipo de investigación rompe con el enfoque tradicional sobre la problemática, identificando como un actor más de la violencia escolar al propio sistema educativo.
Seis alumnos de la UNLaM estuvieron presentes en el Modelo de Asamblea General de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (MOEA), en Washington, Estados Unidos, debatiendo políticas continentales de interés para los países que lo conforman. Haciendo hincapié en la negociación internacional y alentando la vinculación entre las diferentes universidades del hemisferio, la Universidad de La Matanza es la única institución que representó a la Argentina y también fue la encargada de capacitar estudiantes de otros países.
Junto con siete universidades del país y dos cámaras empresariales, la UNLaM participará en un proyecto para dar soluciones técnicas y satisfacer las necesidades tecnológicas de unas 50 empresas. El trabajo se abocará a la innovación en los procesos de producción, de bienes y servicios, y a la instrumentación de acuerdos cooperativos internacionales para las Pymes. La comunicación entre las instituciones se llevará a cabo mediante videoconferencia.
Ferrán Colombo Piñol, doctor en geología de la Universidad de Barcelona, visitó la UNPSJB y compartió los avances de los proyectos desarrollados por el Grupo de Análisis Estructural y Estratigráfico de Cuencas, cuyo objetivo es reconstruir la dinámica fluvial y las características geométricas de los ríos de edad Cretácica, es decir, de entre los 125 y los 90 millones de años. El grupo creó un modelo geológico que permitió conocer datos relacionados con el tamaño, forma y geometría de antiguos cauces de ríos y lagos, y generó la capacidad de extrapolar la información recogida a zonas de interés petrolero.
Estudiantes de 5° año de Ingeniería Agronómica visitaron California, Estados Unidos, en una gira de capacitación. El viaje fue el premio que recibieron por sus conocimientos en lechería durante el Concurso Interuniversitario sobre producción láctea. La experiencia sirvió como un parámetro de donde obtener ideas ya que, con el avance del cultivo de soja, la superficie destinada a la producción lechera es cada vez menor en nuestro país.
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